Please summarize this article. I have attached the instructions. The paper should follow the instructions very carefully, especially the page that states ” Pull it together”. The final paper should emulate that same lat out. This paper needs to be well written.

 

Major Assignment—Annotated Bibliography

As I mentioned on our course site, one of the Major Assignments you will complete is an Annotated Bibliography. An annotated bibliography is simply a bibliography entry (or a Works Cited entry in MLA) combined with a self-written summary and quotes from the readings (the annotation). Researchers, like yourself, create annotated bibliographies in order to organize their sources and ideas to later turn into research. In other words, annotated bibliography is part of the research process. In our class, we will also use what you develop there as a means to engage more deeply in class discussions.

 

Now I’m guessing most of you have had to create some form of annotated bibliography before, maybe in high school or another class. So this image below, an MLA cited annotated bibliography, likely looks somewhat familiar:

 

 

In our class, the annotated bibliographies may be a bit different than past ones you’ve written in that I’m inviting you to use technologies if you’d like and to provide a bit more information that goes beyond the standard summary. This method of note-taking is one that I’ve developed through teaching as well as through working through my own writing and research. At the end of this assignment description, I’ll also include the rubric for this assignment.

 

Requirements for Each Annotation

Each entry (entry meaning each text you read/view in our class)should contain the following 4 elements:

 

• A source citation in your chosen format: MLA, APA, or APSA/Chicago Style

Our class does not require a formatting guide, but if you have formatting questions you may refer to the following resources.

 

• A summarization of the source

After you have created a formal citation, compose a brief summary of the main argument and purpose of your source. Be as descriptive as you can. Summaries should be between 60-250 words depending on the length and depth of the text. They will likely be on the shorter end for popular articles or short videos and the longer end for academic articles and book chapters. Your effort on these will factor into the “written work” part of the grading contract.

 

Note: Please don’t just copy and paste the abstract to an article for your Annotated Bibliography. Ensure that the summary of your source is your own, original work or it will count as unsatisfactory and you will have to redo. Plagiarized work will count as a “missed assignment.”

 

• 2-6 quotes from the text

Choose 2-6 quotations that seem the most valuable, interesting, or creatively intriguing for our class discussion and/or a possible research topic you would like to pursue.

 

• 1-2 questions you develop

Develop some questions about the reading. Below are two types of questions that are productive to our discussion and your own research:

• Explanation—You have read the passage but it is not clear enough for adequate understanding. Rather than gloss over the section, jot a question(s) to ask when in class or discussion group.
• Expansion—With this type of question, you understand the material, but reading it has sparked further curiosity beyond the information provided in the text. Capture those questions to ask in class and possibly to use as a basis for research.

 

 

Steps for Creating an Annotated Bibliography (Using James Herrick’s “An Overview of Rhetoric”)

Please use this example annotated bibliography entry I created as a model for your own process!

 

(1) Read/view/listen to text and take notes.

Below are the sample notes I took while reading the Herrick text last night. I personally like to take notes on notebook paper because I feel like it helps me slow down and understand the text better. But you can take notes anyway you’d like. You can see from my notes I marked questions that came up for me with a large Q so I could find them later. I tried to keep my full quotations just to major ideas or important sentences.  I don’t need you to submit your notes to me.

(2) Create a citation for the reading to add to your bibliography.

To be honest, I often have a website do this for me, and then clean it up later if I have to. Please remember to use the style you use most in your major, whether that is MLA, APA, or Chicago format. Here is a brief Youtube video explanation of how I created my citation below.

 

Herrick, James. “An Overview of Rhetoric .” The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 5th ed., Routledge, 2016, pp. 1–21.

 

 

(3) Compose a 60-250 word summary of the text.

Here is a sample summary I made based on my notes on Herrick. Remember, this step is just a summary, NOT a reading response. You will want to as accurately, objectively, and ethically share the key ideas. There should be no “I” or personal opinions…we will have plenty of time for that in our discussions.

 

Herrick, James. “An Overview of Rhetoric .” The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 5th ed., Routledge, 2016, pp. 1–21.

 

In “An Overview of Rhetoric,” Dr. James Herrick describes what rhetoric is and what it does in our world. He begins by bringing up the number of negative connotations we as a culture have with rhetoric. For example, a politician’s speech is commonly referred to as “just rhetoric,” meaning there isn’t any truth behind it. Herrick spends much of the first chapter redefining rhetoric to move it beyond these commonly held notions. According to Herrick, rhetoric is “the systematic study and intention practice of effective symbolic expression” (85). He adds that “effective” in his definition could refer to any kind of rhetorical purpose, whether that be “persuasion, clarity, beauty, or mutual understanding” (85). In the last half of the chapter, he lists 6 descriptions and 6 functions of rhetoric, most notably he describes rhetoric as a means to reveal human motives and address unresolved human issues.

 

Note: By using my notes, this summary took me less than 10 minutes to write and ended up being about 145 words. I didn’t think it was worth my time to write down EVERY characteristic and function of rhetoric, and instead stuck primarily with the key ideas related to defining rhetoric. I’d recommend you do that same type of thinking: consider what you need to write to best articulate the key argument, purpose, and ideas of the texts we engage with. Everyone’s summaries are bound to look slightly different this way.

 

(4) Write down 2-6 key quotes from the reading

Example of the key quotes I chose:

 

Key quotes:

“Everytime we express emotions and thoughts to others with the goal of influence we engage in rhetoric” (83)

 

Rhetoric is “the systematic study and intention practice of effective symbolic expression” (85)

 

Rhetorical discourse: “messages crafted according to principles of rhetoric” (85)

 

Rhetor: “individual practicing the art of rhetoric” (85)

 

(5) Write down 1-2 Questions

Example of my questions:

 

What does it mean that rhetoric addresses contingent human issues?

How does social media communication hold up to Herrick’s characteristics and functions of rhetoric? For instance, does sharing a meme count as rhetoric? Or would one need to create the meme to be counted as rhetoric?

 

(6) Pull it all together!

Throughout the semester, you will be asked to take time and thought into your annotated bibliography. Please put these all together on a single Google Drive doc. We will have about 2-4 entries each week. Your entries should be put in alphabetical order. This also the first step toward developing your research project!

 

Herrick, James. “An Overview of Rhetoric .” The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 5th ed., Routledge, 2016, pp. 1–21.

 

Summary

In “An Overview of Rhetoric,” Dr. James Herrick describes what rhetoric is and what it does in our world. He begins by bringing up the number of negative connotations we as a culture have with rhetoric. For example, a politician’s speech is commonly referred to as “just rhetoric,” meaning there isn’t any truth behind it. Herrick spends much of the first chapter redefining rhetoric to move it beyond these commonly held notions. According to Herrick, rhetoric is “the systematic study and intention practice of effective symbolic expression” (85). He adds that “effective” in his definition could refer to any kind of rhetorical purpose, whether that be “persuasion, clarity, beauty, or mutual understanding” (85). In the last half of the chapter, he lists 6 descriptions and 6 functions of rhetoric, most notably he describes rhetoric as a means to reveal human motives and address unresolved human issues.

 

Key quotes:

“Everytime we express emotions and thoughts to others with the goal of influence we engage in rhetoric” (83)

 

Rhetoric is “the systematic study and intention practice of effective symbolic expression” (85)

 

Rhetorical discourse: “messages crafted according to principles of rhetoric” (85)

 

Rhetor: “individual practicing the art of rhetoric” (85)

 

Questions

• What does it mean that rhetoric addresses contingent human issues?
• How does social media communication hold up to Herrick’s characteristics and functions of rhetoric? For instance, does sharing a meme count as rhetoric? Or would one need to create the meme to be counted as rhetoric?

 

Technology Options

While you are welcome to use Google docs to make a more traditional formatted Annotated Bibliography, it’s also important to note we are living in a time when there are tons of free, available technologies that can provide us with other ways to write notes. I’ll cover three possibilities in this section. Find what works for you and use this throughout the semester to write your annotations. This video covers these three options (8 minutes).

 

Option 1: Google Doc

This option is pretty self-explanatory and the one you have likely had to do before in previous classes. You will want to format your page in MLA, APA, or Chicago. Here is an example based on our first reading.

 

Option 2: Evernote

Evernote is a free “note card” application that allows you to write and compose notes on ‘digital notecard.” There is a hand phone application for it to.

Option 3: Google Slides

Use apowerpoint presentation to write your notes out on a slide show that you can easily cycle through (and share link with me!).

 

 

Rubric for Final Annotated Bibliography

Although you will submit your partial annotated bibliography to me throughout the semester, you will submit your FINAL Annotated Bibliography at the end of Week 6. The following are the requirements for a “Satisfactory” Annotated Bibliography:

 

✅Sources are alphabetized or otherwise arranged in a thoughtful order

 

✅All sources are correctly cited in a citation format of your choice (MLA, APA, Chicago)

 

✅Each annotated bibliography entry must: (1) accurately and thoughtfully summarize each text from class (including videos) in 60-250 words, (2) must include key quotes, and (3) must include 1-2 questions you developed

 

✅Summaries of texts must be written on your own—not plagiarized (as in you copied/pasted the writing others’ did either in a summary or in an abstract)

 

✅Include completed summaries of each of the texts from our class, including videos and other multimodal texts that aren’t written with alphabetic texts

 

✅By the end of week 6, you have done your own research to add at least two additional scholarly entries and 4+ other sources to your Annotated Bibliography that are specific to your Final Research Essay